Here are a few:
"Touch" by Daft Punk (2013)
Spectacular multi-genre space opera with a wonderful closing. Something about the lyrics brings to mind the story of a robot yearning to understand the human condition. He knows he isn't human but struggles to remember this everyday. I find that a lot of Daft Punk's work explores themes like this.
"Baby Portable Rock" by Pizzicato Five (1996)
Probably my first exposure to Japanese music, at least that I can remember. "Baby Portable Rock" was a smash hit on an international pop music channel that aired in Brazil in the late 90s, right around the time when Pizzicato Five became huge in the West. Between commercials on Cartoon Network, 6-year-old me once flipped through channels and landed on this thing. The weirdness of the music video was what grabbed my attention, but I've been a fan of Shibuya-kei ever since. It's Japanese, it's cute, it's retro, it's slightly kitsch, and I can't get it out of my head. Reminds me of a certain someone...
"In Our Small Way" by Michael Jackson (1972)
"We may not change the world in one day - but we still can change some things... today." Naive but kind-hearted, very in-character with Astro's personality, as if he himself were the one singing the verses. Sparkling vocal performance by 13-year-old Michael.
"Don't Let It Show" and "Day After Day (The Show Must Go On)" by The Alan Parsons Project (1977)
Last but not least, two of my favorite tracks from APP's masterpiece album "I Robot" - conceptually based on Isaac Asimov's sci-fi "Robot" trilogy, which also touches on philosophies regarding artificial intelligence. While "Don't Let It Show" makes me think of Astro, the lyrics of "Day After Day" remind me of Dr. Tenma, coping with the grief of an innocent life cut short. Hoping his robotic creation could fill the void in his heart, but living only on memories of Tobio. The message connecting these two songs is about enduring the most depressing hardships of life, and moving on with dignity.
That's it for now, please forgive the great wall of text. I tend to babble about the things I love, so music + Astro Boy ticks all the boxes!